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Al-Mutawakkil Yahya Sharaf ad-Din
Al-Mutawakkil Yahya Sharaf ad-Din (25 February 1473 - 27 March 1555) was an imam of the Zaidi state in Yemen. His period as imam covered the period from 1506 to 1555, though his political power ended in about 1547.
==Construction of a new Zaidi realm==
Yahya Sharaf ad-Din bin Shams ad-Din bin Ahmad was a grandson of the imam al-Mahdi Ahmad bin Yahya (d. 1436) and was born in north-western Yemen. He spent several years in study to become a ''mujtahid'' (a man of Zaidi religious learning), and then proclaimed his da'wa (call for the imamate) in September 1506. At this time there was another imam in the Yemeni highlands, an-Nasir al-Hasan, who was however more a man of letters than a politician. The Tahiride Dynasty ruled the lowlands and southern highlands from Ta'izz, and had recently sacked the Zaidi capital San'a. However, the Tahirides were defeated by the Mamluks from Egypt in 1517 and the sultan Amir was killed. Shortly afterwards, the Mamluk sultanate in Egypt was in turn defeated by the Ottoman sultan Selim I. The Mamluk troops in Yemen, as a consequence, had to acknowledge the overlordship of Selim. The weak garrison in San'a had to withdraw, and the important city was taken over by al-Mutawakkil Yahya Sharaf ad-Din. The imam proceeded to expand the territory of the Zaidi imamate at the expense of various Tahiride princes who still ruled over scattered domains. Ta'izz was taken in 1534, followed by Khanfar, Lahij and Abyan.〔R.B. Serjeant & R. Lewcock, ''San'a'; An Arabian Islamic City''. London 1983, p. 69.〕
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